2 the Criteria Process of Translation.ppt

The Criterion and Process of Translation Step 1: Translation Criteria, Standard or Principle Tytler’s translation criteria Yanfu’s translation criteria Others’ translation criteria Tytler’s Essay on the Principles of Translation, 1791 A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Yanfu’s Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance “Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of the original content of thought; “Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense; “Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty. Others’ translation principles (1) Lu Xun’s: Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language) in opposition to Liang Shi-qiu’s translation principle in 1930s. Fu Lei’s: TL should be similar to SL both in Form and in Spirit. Liang Shiqiu’s and Zhao Jingshen’s: It’s better to have a smooth version than a faithful one. Others’ translation principles (2) Eugene A. Nida’s : Dynamic equivalence or Functional equivalence or Equivalent-effect theory. Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. （Wikipedia） Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.（Eugene A. Nida） 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体. The translator is to produce as nearly possible the same effect on his readers as was produced on the readers of the original. White as snow 白如蘑菇 白如白鹭毛 Spring up like mushroom 雨后春笋 He thinks by infection, catching an opinion like a cold 他靠传染来思维, 象感冒一样获得思想 人家怎么想他就怎么想,就像人家得了伤风,他就染上感冒 Did you say “pig” or “fig”? said the cat. I said “pig