用R软件进行一元线性回归实验报告.docVIP

数理统计上机 报 告 上机实验题目：用R软件进行一元线性回归 上机实验目的： 进一步理解假设实验的基本思想，学会使用实验检验和进行统计推断。 学会利用R软件进行假设实验的方法。 一元线性回归基本理论、方法： 基本假设预测目标因变量为Y，影响它变化的一个自变量为X，因变量随自变量的增（减）方向的变化。一线性回归分析就是要依据一定数量的观察样本（Xi, Yi）=1，2…，n，找出回归直线方程Ya+b*X?? 方法：对应于每一个Xi，根据回归直线方程可以计算出一个因变量估计值Yi。回归方程估计值Yi 与实际观察值Yj之间的误差记作e-i=Yi-Yi。显然，n个误差的总和越小，说明回归拟合的直线越能反映两变量间的平均变化线性关系。据此，回归分析要使拟合所得直线的平均平方离差达到最小，据此，回归分析要使拟合所得直线的平均平方离差达到最小，简称最小二乘法将求出的a和b代入式（1）就得到回归直线Yi=a+bX 。那么，只要给定Xi值，就可以用作因变量Yi的预测值。 α=0.05. 上机实验步骤： 设置假设：H0：u1-u-2=0：H1：u1-u-20 确定自由度为n1+n2-2=14；显著性水平a=0.05 计算样本均值样本标准差和合并方差统计量的观测值 alpha-0.05; n1-8; n2-8; x-c(4.3,3.2,3.8,3.5,3.5,4.8,3.3,3.9); y-c(3.7,4.1,3.8,3.8,4.6,3.9,2.8,4.4); var1-var(x); xbar-mean(x); var2-var(y); ybar-mean(y); Sw2-((n1-1)*var1+(n2-1)*var2)/(n1+n2-2) t-(xbar-ybar)/(sqrt(Sw2)*sqrt(1/n1+1/n2)); tvalue-qt(alpha,n1+n2-2)； 计算临界值：tvalue-qt(alpha,n1+n2-2) 比较临界值和统计量的观测值，并作出统计推断 实例计算结果及分析： alpha-0.05; n1-8; n2-8; x-c(4.3,3.2,3.8,3.5,3.5,4.8,3.3,3.9); y-c(3.7,4.1,3.8,3.8,4.6,3.9,2.8,4.4); var1-var(x); xbar-mean(x); var2-var(y); ybar-mean(y); Sw2-((n1-1)*var1+(n2-1)*var2)/(n1+n2-2) t-(xbar-ybar)/(sqrt(Sw2)*sqrt(1/n1+1/n2)); var1 [1] 0.2926786 xbar [1] 3.7875 var2 [1] 0.2926786 ybar [1] 3.8875 Sw2 [1] 0.2926786 t [1] -0.3696873 tvalue [1] -1.76131 分析：t=-0.3696873tvalue=-1.76131，所以接受假设H1即甲乙两人的测定无显著性差异。 (二) 实验实例和数据资料： 2.某型号玻璃纸的横向延伸率要求不低于65%，且其服从正态分布，现对一批该批号的玻璃纸测得100个数据如下： （x%横向延伸率） 35.5 37.5 39.5 41.5 43.5 45.5 47.5 49.5 51.5 53.5 55.5 57.5 59.5 61.5 63.5 频数 7 8 11 9 9 12 17 14 5 3 2 0 2 0 1 上机实验步骤： (1)设置假设：H0：u=65, H1：u65. (2)确定自由度为n=100-1=99；显著性水平a=0.05 (3) 输入数据x-c(35.5,35.5,35.5,35.5,35.5,35.5,35.5,37.5,37.5,37.5,37.5,37.5,37.5,37.5,37.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,39.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,41.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,43.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,45.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,47.5,49.5,49.5,49.5,49.5,49.5,49.5,49.5,