内脏学--1课件.pptVIP

Chapter 4 The General Description Difinition:means the study of viscera(alimentary system,respiratory system,urinary system and genital system) Association: morphology location function origin Ⅰ. The general structure of viscera Ⅰ) The tubular organ 中空性器官 mucosa submucosa muscular coats serosa/adventitia Ⅱ. The reference line and abdominal regions Ⅰ) The common used reference lines of the thorax 胸部标志线 Anterior median line Sternal line Midclavicular line Parasternal line Anterior axillary line Posterior axillary line Midaxillary line Scapular line Posterior median line Ⅱ) Abdominal regions 腹部分区 Quadrants Nine-area method Digestive glands消化腺 Section 1 The Oral Cavity 口腔 Consists of two parts Oral vestibule口腔前庭: between cheeks and lip and teeth Oral cavity proper固有口腔: within arch of teeth Ⅰ. Oral lips 口唇 Ⅲ. Palate 腭 Two parts Hard palate: anterior 2/3, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone Soft palate: posterior 1/3 Velum palatinum 腭帆 Uvula 腭垂 Palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 tonsillar fossa 扁桃体窝 Isthmus of fauces 咽峡 formed by uvula, posterior border of velum palatinum, both side of palatoglossal arches, and root of tongue. Ⅳ. Teeth Ⅰ) Classification and arrangement Two sets: Deciduous 乳牙 Permanent 恒牙 Classification: Incisors 切牙 Canine 尖牙 Premolars 前磨牙 Molars 磨牙 牙的标示: Upper jaw Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Lower jaw in. in. can. mol. mol. Deciduous Upper jaw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower jaw Permanent Ⅳ ? 4 ? Ⅱ) General feature Each tooth consists of 3 parts: Crown 牙冠 Neck 牙颈 Root 牙根 Dental cavity牙腔－contains dental pulp( connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves), and is continuous with the pe