英语成人高考复习-被动语态和虚拟语气讲解.ppt

3、同位语从句中： 当其前为command , suggestion , demand , order 等（与1中动词同词根）以及idea 等时（可用should + 动词原形代替；参见第十七章第五节“同位语从句”）。 They received the order that they (should ) stay where they were. 他们得到命令让他们呆在原地。 be型虚拟语气 4、主语从句中： 主句It is ...中含command , suggest , demand , order , require 等动词的过去分词或better , necessary , important 等形容词时（参见第十七章第二节“主语从句”） be型虚拟语气 e.g. It was ordered that they (should ) stay where they were . 命令他们呆在原地。 It is necessary that they ( should ) stay where they were . 他们有必要呆在原地。 在主语从句中，主句 It is ...中含interesting , natural , normal , possible , strange , surprising 等形容词和 pity shame , ( no ) surprise 等名词用以表示惊讶、惋惜、遗憾等语义时，其后的主语从句中用should + 动词原形（参见第十七章第二节“主语从句”），不可用be型虚拟语气。 It is strange that they should stay where they were. 很奇怪，他们竟然呆在原地。 Note: Note: 此时，若无惊讶、惋惜、遗憾等语义仅指事实，主语从句中也可用陈述语气。 It is strange that they stay where they are. 很奇怪，他们呆在原地。 这种虚拟语气表示并非事实的假设和主观愿望，多用于正式文件,现代日常英语中已经很少用。 动词be用were(但越来越被陈述语气形式was所取代，仅If I were you 中必须用were)，其他动词用其各种过去时形式。 主要用于下列情况： 虚拟语气-were型虚拟语气 1、在虚拟条件句中： (1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设: 从句：were或其他动词的一般过去时、过去进行时; 主句：should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+动词原形。 were型虚拟语气 e.g. If you knew everything, you would not be so angry with him. 你如果了解全部情况，就不会这么生他的气了。 If he were still staying here , he might see all this. 他如果现在还呆在这里，也许就会看见这一切。 1、在虚拟条件句中： (2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设: 从句:过去完成时; 主句:should/ would(或情态动词would/could/might)+have+动词的过去分词。 were型虚拟语气 e.g. If I had known his number , I might have telephoned him yesterday. 我要是知道他的号码，昨天也许就给他打电话了。 1、在虚拟条件句中： (3) 表示将来不大可能实现的假设： 从句:were或其他动词的一般过去时、were/ was/ to+动词原形； 主句:should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+动词原形。 were型虚拟语气 e.g. If he had enough money next year, he might go abroad soon. 他明年要是有足够的钱，也许马上就出国。 If the sun stopped shining some day, living things couldn’t live. 如果太阳有朝一日不再照耀，生物就无法生存了。 If he were to hear you talking, he would think you were mad. 他要是听见你说，就会认为你是疯了。 1、在虚拟条件句中： (4) 如果if从句的谓语动词为were、had或含有were、had时，if可省去，而将were或had挪至句首，形成倒装句。 试与上面例句对比: were型虚拟语气 e.g. Were he still s