常用词汇、词组辨.ppt

常用词汇、词组辨析 形近词、近义词 abroad, aboard, board abroad 意为“在国外” 。 I have decided to study abroad next year. aboard的意思是“登（机），上（车船等）”，与动词go搭配表示“登机”等。 It is time to go aboard. 现在该登机了。 Board常用来表示“登机，上船”，是动词。 We are asked to board half an hour before departure time. access, assess Access n. 接近，进入 (to) The people living in these apartments have free access to the swimming pool. 住在这些公寓里的人可以免费进入游泳池。 Assess 评估（财产，价值） I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment. 我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。 accident, event, incident 三个词都可以表示“事件”。Accident多指造成损失的意外事故，如车祸等。固定短语by accident（=by chance）意为“偶然” 。Incident意为“事件”，一般指比较次要的事件，但也可以指在政治上会引起国际争端的事件、事变，作为形容词时，其相应的短语be incident to意为“易发生...的”。Event指较重大的事件或历史事件，复数形式意为“时局，时事”。例如： accident, event, incident The July 7th Incident of 1937 1937年七七事变 A disease incident to children 儿童易发病 He met with an accident during this journey.他在这次旅途中出事了。 An important event 大事 acquire, require, inquire Acquire的意思是“通过自己的努力获得，习得”。 She has acquired a new set of interests. Require的意思是“要求” The rules require us all to be present. Inquire的意思是“调查、询问、打听” Why dont you inquire by telephone. accuse, charge 两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但他们后面所搭配的介词不同。 Accuse指“控，控诉”，与介词of连用。 The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。 Charge 可以指因为小错而受到的责备，也指因为违法而受到控告，与介词“with”连用。 The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。 adapt, adopt Adapt的意思是“改编，改做……用；适应”。 I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions. 。 This play has been skillfully adapted from the original novel.这部戏是根据原小说巧妙地改编过来。 Adopt 是“收养；采纳，采用”之意。 Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude. They have decided to adopt me as their own daughter. affect, influence,effect Affect作影响可分为三种情况： ①直接的、有形的力量作用于某种事物或事件并使之发生变化。 例：They try to affect the size of crop by using fertilizer.他们施肥料使庄稼长大。 ②用于表示对事物产生不好的影响。 Expose to intense light affects ones eyes adversely.暴露在强光下会损害眼睛。 affect ③指对另外一个人感情上的影响，感染，感动 Music affects some people very strongly.音乐对一些人有强烈的感染力。 He was much affected at the sad sight.他深为这一悲伤的情景所感动。 influence Influence通常指“不易察觉到的、潜移默化的