第一章OSI七层参考模型.docVIP

第一章 OSI 七层参考模型 前言 开场白 第一讲 何谓网络：；连接不同机器，成局域网，广域连接成广域网。为了共享资源、数据传输。举例：VOD、下载、服务器数据、远程访问、个人通信、交互式娱乐。 存在不同的标准，如同不同的语言，如何实现沟通，不同公司的不同网络设备的标准不一样，传输帧的位置、起始、域的内容等等。OSI目的：帮助厂商建立可以与其他网络兼容并且互相运作的网络、模型、协议。如同语言之统一。英语。汉语。 OSI肯定以前有多道考题，现在少了一些，但是基础地位没变。关于层描述，拖拽 不要忘记 选择‘DONE’按钮，否则直接安NEXT不得分。（画出考题示意图） OSI优点（考点）： It breaks network communication into smaller, simpler parts. It standardizes network components to allow multiple-vendor development and support. It allows different types of network hardware and software to communicate with each other. It prevents changes in one layer from affecting the other layers, so that they can develop more quickly. It breaks network communication into smaller parts to make learning it easier to understand. 教材P4：归纳、标准界面、不同系统互操作、模块独立发展不影响、复杂的系统分成一个个易于学习的操作子系统。中英文对照记忆，考试英文，培养语感。前三点特别重要。 OSI: Open System Interconnection. International standardization program created by ISO and ITU-T to develop standards for data networking that facilitate multivendor equipment interoperability. ISO: International Organization for Standardization. International organization that is responsible for a wide range of standards, including those relevant to networking. ISO developed the OSI reference model, a popular networking reference model. IPv4：Network layer for the TCP/IP protocol suite. Internet Protocol (version 4) is a connectionless, best-effort packet switching protocol. Defined in RFC 791. Ipng(Ipv6)：IP version 6. Replacement for the current version of IP (version 4). IPv6 includes support for flow ID (Identification) in the packet header, which can be used to identify flows. Formerly called IPng (next generation). 众所周知的TCP/IP是从OSI七层中发展而来，下面介绍这七层，从功能、协议、相关设备等方面入手： 应用层（Applications） 应用层提供给用户应用程序，给予网络进行各种操作。 功能有四点： identifying and establishing the availability（有效性） of intended communication partners synchronizing cooperating applications establishing agreement on procedures for error recovery controlling data integrity (完整) 相关协议：telnet：模拟软件 “开始、运行、telnet、主机