(临床诊断学课件）呕血、便血.ppt

呕血 hematemesis 消化道系统 定义： 呕血（hematemesis）是由上消化道疾病（指屈氏韧带以上的消化器官，包括食管、胃、十二指肠、肝、胆、胰疾病）或全身性疾病所致的急性上消化道出血，血液从口腔呕出。 病因 1.食管疾病： 食管静脉曲张破裂 食管癌 食管异物 食管贲门粘膜撕裂（Mallory-Weiss） 2.胃及十二指肠疾病： 消化性溃疡 急性胃粘膜病变 胃癌 Esophageal varices grade II (right) und grade III (left). Cherry red spots are signs of imminent hemorrhage (right). They correspond to areas of especially thin and altered variceal wall. This massive vessel with active bleeding was diagnosed in a 58 year- old patient, who presented with tary stools. The first picture shows