Lecture范畴词的翻译.pptVIP

Lecture 7 汉语范畴词的省译与英文抽象名词汉译的范畴化 一、范畴词的概念 具有概括意义; 表示人或事物分类范畴的词语; 常用在具体词的后面,对其进行分类总括,以便与其它词语搭配. 汉语里有些“范畴词”，其本身没有什么具体含义，只是重复地概括已表达的意思，但它们在汉语语法上却是不可缺少的词，如“环境”、“工作”、“状态”、“时期”、“历史”、“情况”、“因素”等。这类词语表明事物的范畴或属性，大多没有实质内容。若把他们搬到英语中势必冗余过多，因此应该把他们省略不译。 干热环境 dry heat 计划生育工作 family planning 落后状态 backwardness 中国的现代化建设 China’s modernization 促进和平统一事业 promote peaceful reunification 二. 范畴词的分类 1. 名词性范畴词 工作,事业,关系,行为,因素,性质,局势,态度 1)计划工作中的严重失误 a serious mistake in (the work of ) planning 2)经济领域的改革 reforms in (the sphere of ) the economy 3)我们必须反对铺张浪费行为. We must oppose ( the practice ) of extravagance. 4)这些困难的性质是暂时的. These hardships are temporary ( in nature). 5) 我们要重视沿海与内地贫富差距问题。 We must pay close attention to (the problem of) the gap between coastal and inland areas. 6)中国与其它国家的密切合作关系 (the relationship of )close cooperation between China and other countries 7) 加快经济改革步伐 to accelerate (the pace of )economic reform 8)各级政府必须解决提高工作效率的问题。 A: Governments at all levels must solve the problem of raising working efficiency. B: Governments at all levels must increase working efficiency. 2. 动词性范畴词 1）采取……办法 我们的部队采取了缓慢前进的办法. Our troops used the method of slow advance. （F） Our troops advanced slowly. （T） 2）为做到这一点,将采取逐步过渡的办法.In order to accomplish this, an approach of gradual transition will be adopted. （F） We shall accomplish this by a gradual transition. （T） 发挥……功能,起到……作用 3)这项措施将对投机倒把活动起到限制作用.This measure will have a restrictive effect on the activities of speculators. （F） This measure will restrict the activities of speculators. （T） 实现(达到)……目标(目的)4）没有达到攻占长沙的目标.The target of capturing Changsha failed to be achieved. （F） They failed to capture Changsha. (T) 采取……态度 5）我们必须采取知之为知之,不知为不知的态度.In all matters we must assume the attitude of admitting what we know and do not know. （F） We should always be ready to admit what we know and do not know. （T）  三、汉语范畴词英译方法 1. 省译使表