MomentumConservation.pptVIP

* * Momentum Conservation Conservation of Linear Momentum The net force acting on an object is the rate of change of its momentum: If the net force is zero, the momentum does not change: Conservation of Linear Momentum Internal Versus External Forces: Internal forces act between objects within the system. As with all forces, they occur in action-reaction pairs. As all pairs act between objects in the system, the internal forces always sum to zero: Therefore, the net force acting on a system is the sum of the external forces acting on it. Conservation of Linear Momentum Furthermore, internal forces cannot change the momentum of a system. However, the momenta of components of the system may change. Conservation of Linear Momentum An example of internal forces moving components of a system: Canoe Example Two groups of canoeists meet in the middle of a lake. After a brief visit, a person in Canoe 1 (total mass 130 kg) pushes on Canoe 2 (total mass 250 kg) with a force of 46 N to separate the canoes. Find the momentum of each canoe after 1.20 s of pushing. Net momentum = 0 Example: Velocity of a Bee A honeybee with a mass of 0.150 g lands on one end of a floating 4.75 g popsicle stick. After sitting at rest for a moment, it runs to the other end of the stick with a velocity vb relative to still water. The stick moves in the opposite direction with a velocity of 0.120 cm/s. Find the velocity vb of the bee. Inelastic Collisions Collision: two objects striking one another. Time of collision is short enough that external forces may be ignored. Inelastic collision: momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not: pf = pi but Kf ≠ Ki. Completely inelastic collision: objects stick together afterwards: pf = pi1 + pi2 Inelastic Collisions A completely inelastic collision: Example: Goal-Line Stand On a touchdown attempt, a 95.0 kgrunning back runs toward the endzone at 3.75 m/s. A 111 kg line backermoving at 4.10 m/s meets the runnerin a head-on collision a