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Thefundamentalattributionerror
The fundamental attribution error What is it Tendency to overestimate influence of dispositional factors when judging others Why you get it Selective exposure (again) Perceptual salience Different processes underlying attributions dispositional ? automatic Situational ? controlled Two famous demonstrations Jones and Harris (1967) Ross, Amabile, and Steinmetz (1977) “The College-Bowl Study”(Ross, Amabile, and Steinmetz, 1977). Observers contestants quiz-masters PEOPLE DOING THE RATINGS Stages of social perception The “spotlight” effect (Gilovich, Medvec, Savitsky, 2000) Ideology and attribution Do conservatives and liberals tend to make different types of attributions? (e.g. Zucker Weiner, 1993) In some domains (e.g. perceptions of poverty) conservatives are significantly more likely to make dispositional attributions compared to liberals Flattering vs. unflattering portraits of liberals and conservatives The “bad conservative” framing The “bad liberal” framing Belief in a just world (Lerner, 1980) Good things happen to good people, bad things happen to bad people Two ways of conceptualizing Cultural belief system Individual difference variable Belief in a Just World and RiskLambert, Burroughs, Nguyen, 1999 Belief in a just world But we find only weakly related to perceived risk—WHY? Buffering hypothesis! Maybe just world beliefs “only matter” when world is viewed as “threatening” in the first place Who sees world as threatening? High RWA * * high intelligence low intelligence Quiz-master Contestant Observe specific behavior Identification (encoding) Inferences about other traits Inferences about the causes of behavior (attribution) Automatic dispositional attribution Controlled situational “correction”—but only if perceiver has ability and motivation high low World perceived as a dangerous, scary place? Personal buffer against threat? HIGH PERCEIVED RISK LOW PERCEIVED RISK Right-wing authoritarianism B
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