TopicWANWideAreaNetworks.pptVIP

Topic 8: WAN- Chapter 11 12: Wide Area Networks Business Data Communications, 4e LANs, WANs, and MANs Ownership WANs can be either public or private LANs are usually privately owned Capacity LANs are usually higher capacity, to carry greater internal communications load Coverage LANs are typically limited to a single location WANs interconnect locations MANs occupy a middle ground *Comparison ofNetworking Options Network Services Available for MAN and WAN Dialed Circuit Services Direct Dialing (DD) Wide Area Telephone Services (WATS) Dedicated Circuit Services Voice-grade circuits Wideband Analog Services T-Carrier Circuits Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Circuit-Switched Services Integrated Services Digital Network (Narrowband Broadband) Packet-Switched Services X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SMDS, and Ethernet/IP *WAN Alternatives Types of WANs Switching Methods Circuit Switching: Requires a dedicated communication path for duration of transmission; wastes bandwidth, but minimizes delays Message Switching: Entire path is not dedicated, but long delays result from intermediate storage and repetition of message Packet Switching: Specialized message switching, with very little delay Circuit-Switching Definition: Communication in which a dedicated communications path is established between two devices through one or more intermediate switching nodes Dominant in both voice and data communications today e.g. PSTN is a circuit-switched network Relatively inefficient (100% dedication even without 100% utilization) Circuit-Switching Stages Circuit establishment Transfer of information point-to-point from endpoints to node internal switching/multiplexing among nodes Circuit disconnect Circuit Establishment Station requests connection from node Node determines best route, sends message to next link Each subsequent node continues the establishment of a path Once nodes have established connection, test message is sent to determine if receiver is ready/able to accept message