第一章_家畜生殖内分泌学幻灯片.pptVIP

五、神经垂体激素五、Neurohypophyseal Hormones 有两种，即催产素（oxytocin）和加压素（抗利尿素，vasopressin,AVP),与生殖直接有关的主要为催产素 Including two hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone or ADH), and hormones which directly related to reproductive mainly is oxytocin. 1、化学结构 Chemical structure 为9肽激素，如果以两个半胱氨酸组成一个胱氨酸，可以认为8肽。 It is a nine peptide hormone, or considered eight peptide hormone. 2、半衰期 2分钟 half-life period: 2 min 3、生理作用 Physiological action ■ 促使输卵管收缩：交配的刺激可使催产素释放，有利于精子、卵子的运行，提高受胎率； Prompte oviduct contraction: The stimulation of mating can promote the release of oxytocin, and conducive to the running of sperm and egg , raising the conception rate. ■ 引起子宫收缩：Cause uterine contraction: ▲参与分娩发动 Participate in the start of parturition ▲促使产后子宫复旧。 Promote the instauration of postpartum uterus ▲加强乳腺腺泡肌上皮的收缩，使乳汁从腺泡中排出； Strengthen the contraction of breast epithelial acinar, and promote milk exhaust from the acinus. ▲松弛大的乳导管和乳池，使乳汁蓄积； Relaxing the big milk ducts and breast pool, accumulating the milk. ▲对PRL的分泌有促进作用。 Promote the secretion of PRL ■ 小剂量催产素有促黄体的作用，大剂量则有溶黄体的作用； Small doses of oxytocin has the function of promoting corpus luteum; Large doses of oxytocin has the function of dissolving corpus luteum. 六、前列腺素 prostaglandins，PGs 1、化学结构 Chemical structure 基本骨架为含有20个碳原子的不饱和脂肪酸，称为前列酸。结构内具有一个环戊烷和二个脂肪酸侧链。体内的代表物质有：PGF2a、PGE等。 Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring and two side chain of fatty acids. And it’s represent product in body is PGF2a、PGE. 2、生理作用 Physiological action 溶解黄体 Dissolve corpus luteum 影响排卵 Affect oulation 影响输卵管收缩,刺激子宫平滑肌收缩。 Affect the contraction of oviduct, and stimulate the contraction of uterus smooth muscle. 对公畜的影响 The influence in male animals 七、外激素 Pheromone 外激素（pheromone）是动物向周围环境释放的化学物质，作为信息，引起同类动物行为和（或）生理上的特定反应。 Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting outside the body of the secreting individual to impact the behavior of the receiving individual. 产生与存在部位: 遍及全身，