机会成本英语.ppt

* 7 * 7 * 7 * 7 * 10 * 10 * 11 * 11 * * * 13 * 13 * 14 * 14 * 15 * 15 * 16 * 16 * 17 * * * * 课后作业： 看书，重点掌握企业的目标，成本、利润概念 * * * 9 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 4 * 4 * 4 * * * * * 8 * 8 APPLICATIONS OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE Should the United States Trade with Other Countries? Each country has many citizens with different interests. International trade can make some individuals worse off, even as it makes the country as a whole better off. Imports—goods produced abroad and sold domestically Exports—goods produced domestically and sold abroad * 比较优势的应用 美国应该与其他国家进行贸易吗? 每个国家都有许多具有不同利益的公民。尽管国际贸易可以使整个国家的福利变好，但也可能使一些个人福利变坏。 进口—国外生产在国内销售的物品。 出口—国内生产在国外销售的物品。 * Summary Each person consumes goods and services produced by many other people both in our country and around the world. Interdependence and trade allow people to enjoy a greater quantity and variety of goods and services. * 小结 每个人都消费由国、内外许多其他人生产的物品与劳务。 相互依存和贸易可以使每个人享用更多数量和品种的物品与劳务。 * Summary There are two ways to compare the ability of two people producing a good. The person who can produce a good with a smaller quantity of inputs has an absolute advantage. The person with a smaller opportunity cost has a comparative advantage. * 小结 有两种方式比较一个生产者生产一种物品的能力。 一个可以用更少量投入生产物品的生产者被称为在生产这种物品上有绝对优势。 具有更小机会成本的生产者被称为有比较优势。 * Summary The gains from trade are based on comparative advantage, not absolute advantage. Trade makes everyone better off because it allows people to specialize in those activities in which they have a comparative advantage。 Comparative advantage applies to countries as well as to people. * 小结 贸易的好处基于比较优势，而不是绝对优势。 贸易可以使每一个人状况变好，因为贸易可以使人们专门从事自己有比较优势的活动。 比较优势原理适用于国家和个人。 * ECF1100 Lecture 1 * ECF1100 Lecture 1 * Irrelevance of sunk costs Sunk costs are the costs that cannot be recovered at the moment a decision is made Expenditure on things that have no resale value or alternative uses Examples: advance rent payment for office space, fees paid for consulting services Generally, sunk costs should no