出血热病毒.ppt

第三篇 医学相关病毒 第34章　出血热病毒 Haemorrhagic Fever virus 微生物学教研室 宋武琦 教学大纲 掌握内容 汉坦病毒主要生物学性状，包括形态结构、培养特性、抗原分型及抵抗力；流行环节及致病性;微生物学检查法。 新疆出血热病毒致病性及传播媒介 了解内容 肾综合征出血热病毒及新疆出血热病毒防治原则；非洲出血热病毒（埃博拉病毒和马堡热病毒）的传播方式及引起疾病 History Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS: later renamed hantavirus disease, HVD) first recognized in Heilongjiang, China in the 1930s, and came to the attention of the West during the Korean war when over 3000 UN troops were afflicted It transpired that the disease was not new and had been described by the Chinese 1000 years earlierIn 1974, the causative was isolated from the Korean Stripped field mice and was called Hantaan virusIn 1995, a new disease entity called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was described in the “four corners” region of the U.S. 病毒体 Virion Forms a separate genus in the Bunyavirus family 布尼雅病毒科 Unlike other bunyaviridae, its transmission does not involve an arthropod vector Enveloped -ssRNA virus Virions 98nm in diameter with a characteristic square grid-like structure. Genome consists of three RNA segments: L, M, and S. 基于中和试验的血清型Subtypes of Hantaviruses Based NT 黑线姬鼠型 褐家鼠型 欧洲棕背鼠型 草原田鼠型 巴尔干姬鼠型 小家鼠型 根据抗原和基因结构分型（10型） Hantaan（汉滩型） Seoul type（汉城型） Puumala type Sin Nombre（辛诺柏型） 流行病毒学 Epidemiology Natural host: Rodent Apodemus agrarius (Stripped field mice, 黑线姬鼠) 传染源：黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、大林姬鼠 Viral contamination comes from rodent urine, stool, salivary secretion Seasonal and regional distribution (autumn and winter, Oct.-Jan.) The infection route is still uncertain. The possible entries are respiratory tract, mouth, and direct contact Rodent Carriers of Hantaviruses 临床特点 Clinical Features Incubation: 2 weeks, HFRS Pathogenesis mechanism is unknown. Immunological reaction may play role 极低的隐性感染率 Very low subclinical infection rate (1-4%) 病后稳定的免疫力，一般不再发病 Stable humoral immunity. no repeat infection 致病性 Pathogenesis The multisystem pathology of HVD is characterized by damage to capillaries and small vessel walls, resulting in vasodilation an