消费投资与储蓄.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 消费、投资与储蓄Consumption ，Investment and Saving 第24章 Chapter 24 (对应教材24，25，26） GDP的构成The Composition of GDP 消费 Consumption (C) 投资 Investment (I) 政府支出 Government Spending (G) 净出口 Net Exports (X – Q) 库存投资 Inventory Investment (Is) 消费Consumption 消费代表消费者购买的物品与服务。 Consumption (C) represent goods and services purchased by consumers. 食物，机票，度假，新车，…… Food, airline tickets, vacations, new cars,… 投资Investment 投资有时被称作固定投资，以区别于库存投资 Investment (I) is sometimes called fixed investment to distinguish it from inventory investment. 投资是非居民投资和居民投资之和。前者指企业对于新工厂与及其的购买（例如涡轮机、计算机），后者指人们对于新房屋或公寓的购买 Investment is the sum of nonresidential investment, the purchase by firm of new plants or new machines (from turbine to computers), and residential investment, the purchase by people of new houses or apartments. 投资Investment 企业购买机器或者厂房是为了能够在将来生产更多的产出。 Firms buy machines or plants to be able to product more output in the future. 人们购买房屋或者公寓是为了未来得到住房服务。 People buy houses or apartments to get housing services in the future. 政府支出Government Spending 政府支出代表联邦、州和地方政府购买的物品和服务 Government Spending, (G), represents the purchase of goods and services by the federal, state, and local governments. 物品包括飞机到办公设备。 The goods range from airplanes to office equipment. 服务包括政府雇员提供的服务。 The services include services provided by government employees. 实际上，国民收入帐户认为是政府购买了政府雇员提供的服务— —然后免费提供给公众。 In effect, the national income accounts treat the government as buying the services provided by government employee – and then providing these services to the public, free of charge. 政府支出Government Spending G不包括政府转移支付，例如医疗保险或者社会保险，也不包括政府支付的债务利息。 G does not include government transfers, such as Medicare or Social Security, nor interest payments on the government debt. 虽然这些属于政府的开支，但他们不是对于物品和服务的购买。 Although these are clearly government expenditures, they are not purchases of goods and