横梁升降机构设计.doc

山东理工大学 毕业设计（论文） 题 目： 学 院： 机械工程学院 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名： 指导教师： 毕业设计（论文）时间：二О一二年 三 月 一 日～ 六 月 二十七 日 共 十七 周 摘 要 众所周知，数控立式车床在机械加工行业应用比较广泛，是机械制造行业所必不可少的重要设备，尤其对于大型盘类零件，其表面的加工更是需要数控立式车床。本次毕业设计的任务主要是设计数控立式车床中横梁升降机构、刀架机构、以及横梁结构这三部分内容。 横梁升降机构实现了横梁的快速升降。由于整个刀架联接在横梁上，而且所加工的工件一般尺寸都较大，为使刀具能迅速到达加工位置就需要加快横梁升降的速度。横梁的快速升降节约了加工时间从而提高了生产率、降低了成本。横梁的升降是由滚珠丝杠螺母副完成，在螺旋传动时要求传动平稳，且滚珠丝杠具有一定承载能力。 刀架转动机构是数控立式车床中的重要一部分。刀架转动机构主要由蜗轮蜗杆组成。刀架转动机构实现了刀架可以在一定范围内的转动，使的加工的形式和范围更为多样。 在设计横梁时主要计算其所承受的剪力与弯矩。整个刀架机构都联接在横梁上，故横梁所承受的剪力与弯矩主要来自与切削工件时产生的各力。为使横梁轻便，故采用空心钢管。 关键词：平稳，承载，轻便 Abstract As we all know ，CNC vertical lathe is widely applicated in the machining industry , CNC vertical lathe is the essential equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry, especially for large-scale disk parts, the surface processing is required CNC vertical lathe. the main task of this graduation project is to design beam lifting institutions, the turret institutions, as well as the beam structure of these three sections of CNC vertical lathe. Beam lifting institutions achieve the rapid movements of the beams. The entire turret connects on the beam, and the l size of the workpiece is very large, we need to accelerate the speed of the beam lift to ensure the turret can quickly reach the processing position on the workpiece. The rapid movements of the beam saves processing time and improve productivity and reduce costs. The rise and fall of the beam is completed by the ball screw pair, smooth transmission requirements in the screw drive and ball screw has a certain carrying capacity. The turret rotating institutions is an important part of the CNC lathe. Turret rotating institutions is mainly composed by the worm. Turret rotation institutions make the turret can rotate within a certain range, the form and scope of the processing become more diverse. In the design of beam structure, we mainly calculate the shea