翻译的语言对比规律语义词法句法思维.pptVIP

《新编英汉翻译教程 》  A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION Chapter 5  Rules of Language Comparisons 第五章 翻译的语言对比规律 Differences between English and Chinese I. Semantic differences II. Differences in lexicology III.Syntactic differences IV.Differences of mode of thinking General introduction Different language families: English belongs to Indo-European language family or Indo-Germanic system (including Europe, Western Asia and India). Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family (including Chinese, Tibetan and Burmese). English is an alphabetic character (拼音文字), Chinese is an ideographic character (表意文字). Different nature of language: English is a comprehensive language. So-called comprehensive language refers to that the meaning of the language is expressed by the change of the form of the word itself such as case, number, tense and so on. Chinese is an analytic language. So-called analytic language means that the relationship of words is expressed not by the form of word itself-----but by empty word ,particle and word order and so on. Difference of sentence structure: English sentences are well-knit, close and compact In English, nouns, especially the abstract nouns and prepositions are widely used, just like a series of Grapes. Chinese sentences are concise and explicit In Chinese, verbs are widely used, just like a Bamboo I. Semantic differences  1. Full correspondence Only found in generally adopted technical terms or coincidence among common words Radar=雷达 New York =纽约 Tianjin University=天津大学 The U.S. State Department =美国国务院 The Pacific Ocean =太平洋 helicopter =直升飞机 2. Partial correspondence or mostly correspondence marriage 娶、嫁 sister 姐、妹 gun 枪、炮 Wife: 妻子、爱人、老伴、内人、贱内、夫人、老婆； president: 总统、主席、校长、议长、会长、社长； Morning: 早晨、上午 部分对应造成翻译时的选择，如对于morning 的翻译： Late in the morning 接近晌午 Early in the morning 一大早 Mid－ morning: 上午十点左右 Mid-afternoon: 下午三、四点 3. Non-co