列出需要要测量的变量Listthevariablestobemeasured确定调查.ppt

* * * * * The last, but crucial step of creating a questionnaire is the Pretest, or Pilot test. The pretest is a massive quality control. It is done so that any kinks in the questions can be worked out: e.g. too many questions; response categories don’t match the question asked; questions are ambiguous; question is too complex; open-ended would be better as a closed question, or vice-versa; etc. The pretest is a longer process that includes people on the research staff, general test subjects, and a target audience of the population that the questionnaire is intended for. * The first step if for a review process. The entire staff will go one by one through the questions to verify they are correct, the questions are readable, the skip patterns are clear, it is audience appropriate, etc. * The target audience always needs to be involved in the pretest! The trained interviewers should be giving the questionnaire with supervisors present to observe. If there are any data collection procedures as part of the questionnaire, that too should be tested, e.g. blood samples. Once the target audience has completed the interview process, the supervisors should talk to them about the questions and ask them if they have any suggestions: if there were any questions they didn’t feel comfortable answering, if any were too complex, etc. The supervisors should also talk to their interviewers and other survey workers for any insight they may have. * Read above list. * Advantages of questionnaires: Can reach a large number of people relatively easily and economically (especially postal questionnaires) Provide quantifiable answers easy to code and analyze Relatively easy to analyze faster analysis yields a faster answer to the question – especially important in an outbreak investigation situation * Disadvantages of questionnaires: May provide only limited insight into the problem: Limited response allowed by questions You may not have asked the right questions e.g. Andorra,