兰凤利上海中医药大学.ppt

中医古典文献中“阴阳”的源流与翻译 兰凤利 上海中医药大学 中 医学中“阴阳”的源流 中医学继承、发挥了《周易》的阴阳思想，中医古典文献中的“阴阳”主要是指哲学意义上的“阴阳”，而在具体的语言环境中，又有具体的医学所指，如指男女、性生活、阴经阳经、阴邪阳邪、阴气阳气等等。而其含义的确定是高度依赖于语境的。 2. 中 医 古 典 文 献 中 “阴 阳” 的 翻 译 2．1 “阴阳”哲学概念的英译 “阴阳”的翻译： Yin and Yang [the male and female elements in nature]； Yang, the element of light; Yin, the element of darkness； Yin and Yang, the negative and positive principles in nature； The element of light; the element of darkness； Yang, the lucid element of life; Yin, the turbid element of darkness； Yang, the male element; Yin, the female element； 朗 文当代高级英语辞典 yin, the female principle in Chinese PHILOSOPHY which is inactive, dark, negative, etc. and which combines with YANG (= the male principle) to form the whole world”；“yang, the male principle in Chinese PHILOSOPHY which is active, light, POSITIVE, etc. and which combines with YIN (= the female principle) to form the whole world. ——Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English：1789，1787 韦氏百科全本英语词典 Yin and Yang (in Chinese philosophy and religion) two principles, one negative, dark and feminine (Yin), and one positive, bright, and masculine (Yang), whose interaction influences the destinies of creatures and things. ——Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language：1656 接纳 外来词 yin 和yang “阴阳者，天地之道也，万物之纲纪，变化之父母，生杀之本始，神明之府也”。 Yin and yang, they are the Way of heaven and earth, the fundamental principles [governing] the myriad beings, father and mother to all changes and transformations, the basis and beginning of generating and killing, the palace of spirit brilliance. （Unschuld） “阴 阳” 具 体 概 念 的 英 译 在具体的语言环境中， 如以“阴阳”指代具体概念，如男女、性生活、阴阳经脉、（阴）血和（阳）气、等，翻译时就应予以点明。 1.丈夫八岁，肾气实，发长齿更；二八，肾气盛，天癸至，精气溢泻，阴阳和，故能有子。（《黄帝内经素问·上古天真论》） 英译：In the male, at the age of 8 the boy’s kidney qi is abundant, his hair grows and his baby teeth are replaced by permanent ones. At the age of 16 the t