供应商管理库存VMI(VendorManagedInventory.ppt

VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) 藉由銷售資料得到消費需求資訊，供應商可以更有效的計劃、更快速的反應市場變化和消費者的需求，因此VMI可以用來作為降低庫存量、改善庫存週轉率，進而維持庫存量的最佳化，而且供應商與批發商分享重要資訊，所以雙方都可以改善需求預測、補貨計畫、促銷管理和運輸裝載計畫?等等 VMI 系統主要考慮兩項模組 1.需求預測計劃：即使用統計工具的設定來確認實際需求。目的要協助供應商，銷售何種商品、銷售給誰商品、以何種價格銷售、何時銷售等。 2.補貨配送計劃：指派可利用的成品庫存以平衡顧客服務需求，及產品出貨能達到成本效益。透過實際即時庫存的配置，配銷需求計劃能改善顧客服務，降低庫存水準及最小運輸成本。最主要是有效的管理庫存量。 VMI 系統是將配送及供應單位整合於補貨循環，如下圖： VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) ＊依顧客存貨水準及銷售狀況進行需求預測計劃，經統計計算後提出建議訂購量。 ＊依建議訂購量，訂單管理系統發出補貨通知單，由客戶進行訂單確認。 ＊依訂單管理系統、製造管理系統排定主生產計劃，以計畫排定配送計劃。 ＊依配送計劃將補貨計劃通知客戶並進行實際補貨 VMI 的優點： VMI管理機制對供應鏈的整體效益： 1.建立上下游廠商緊密的合夥關係，提昇企業供應鏈的競爭力。 2.有效運用資訊科技技術整合企業內部與外部資訊流的活動，可發揮供應鏈之效率。 3.供應鏈成員共同承擔風險、成本、分享利益，可維繫雙方合作關係。 4.可改善預測、需求計劃的相關技術，可促進供應鏈整體運作之績效。 5.設定適合VMI管理機制的績效衡量指標，可以幫助企業檢核實施成效與改進方向。 5:IT in Wal_Mart:Three basic philosophies for the Wal-Mart IS team Information System Timeline 1979: Switched to computerized system to track Inventory 1983: Used barcodes on most goods, equipped all stores with checkout scanners 1990: Implemented a collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) process to bring suppliers and distributors together to build a combined planning calendar 1996: Launched E-commerce website EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) Provides standardized electronic forms that allow computer systems to communicate. Helps reduce costs, delays and errors with documents between companies. Organized messaging, fields, and structure for information. From EDI to Retail Link Starting in the late 1980’s and mid 1990’s Wal-Mart made use of EDI so that suppliers could connect with their supply chain as well as interact with other suppliers. This allowed them to the suppliers to instantly connect with Wal-Mart to instantly track the sales of their products. EDI was expensive to maintain in that each supplier had to dial-in to a large bank of modems at relatively slow speeds and software had to be distributed to each individual supplier. From EDI to Retail Link Retail Link was developed in the mid 1990’s by Wal-Mart to connect