唇颚裂(Cleftlipandcleftpalate).ppt

唇顎裂 (Cleft lip and cleft palate) 民間傳說 母親在懷孕期間因拿剪刀、釘釘子、搬家、移動櫥櫃等因素純屬臆測，不足採信。 生長發育的問題 口裂(oral cleft)發生於胚胎期之第6--10週之內，這段時期內正常融合之失敗以及不適當之發育可能影嚮上唇、齒槽脊、硬顎及軟顎之軟組織及骨骼部份。 唇顎裂的發育 Cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on one side (unilateral cleft lip and/or palate), or on both sides (bilateral cleft lip and/or palate). 在胚胎早期發育時，嘴唇部份是由兩側組織漸漸往身體中線連結起來。如果在連結的過程中有一些差錯，而不能按照預定的進度達到連結時，就會產生各種不同的裂縫(cleft)。 Cleft lip and cleft palate comprise the fourth most common birth defect in the United States. One of every 700 newborns is affected by cleft lip and/or cleft palate. 唇顎裂 根據統計，約每五百至六百位新生兒中就有一位唇顎裂患者出世。 通常唇顎裂所侵犯之區域包括上唇、齒槽脊、硬顎以及軟顎。 Cleft lip A cleft lip is a separation of the two sides of the lip. The separation often includes the bones of the upper jaw and/or upper gum. 唇裂的程度從小的切跡，到唇以及鼻孔的齒槽突間的完全裂開都有, ?它們可能是單側或是雙側的，上唇的發育是在胎兒五週大時開始，而在十週大完成上唇的發育 Cleft palate A cleft palate is an opening in the roof of the mouth in which the two sides of the palate did not fuse, or join together, as the unborn baby was developing. 顎裂 小至只牽涉到懸雍垂uvula，產生類似魚尾fish tail的外觀。或者它可能延伸到軟顎以及硬顎，更嚴重的病會裂到齒槽突和上唇。顎裂是由於兩邊的側顎突中胚層彼此未能融合了而且鼻中隔以及正中顎突(median palatine process )或是原生顎的融含不成所致。 Because the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible for the child to have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both cleft lip and cleft palate. 胚胎發育之第二及第三個月胚胎顏面部呈現急速面廣泛之變化﹐由鼻額突(nasal frnotal process)及側上顎突(lateral maxillary process)共同形成嘴唇此一事實說明了口腔與鼻腔之密切關係。 Embryology Cleft lip and cleft palate are congenital defects, or birth defects, which occur very early in pregnancy. Etiologic factors The majority of clefts appear to be due to a combination of genetics and environmental factors. 遺傳因素係指染色體中多種不良基因所造成的 環境因素則包括： （一）病毒感染，如德國麻疹。 （二）服用藥物，如抗癌、抗癲癇、類固醇 等藥物。 （三）Ｘ光輻射線照射。 （四）營養不平衡。 Embryology: Facial Development 1. Development of human face starts during the 4th week of embryonic development. 2. By 6th week, the external face is completed. 3. Between the 6th and 8th weeks, the palatal development divides the n