大学英语考试语法经常重点测试的项目.docVIP

四级语法结构题解题思路及应试技巧 中国地质大学（武汉）外语系 许峰  大学英语四级考试的语法结构部分具有覆盖面广、重点突出、灵活多变等特点。因此，学生要想取得较好成绩，在必须拥有扎实的语法知识，掌握相当量的词汇的同时，熟悉一些相应的解题技巧，则如虎添翼。下面就语法结构试题介绍几种常见的行之有效的解题技巧。 1. 解题原则 在解语法结构题时，解题的基本原则是先从语法角度着手，运用各种语法规则来解题或缩小解题范围;只有在运用语法规则无法解决时,再考虑从语义的角度来解题。请看下列考题： 1. The match was canceled because most of the members a match without a standard court. A)objected to having C) were objected to have B) objected to have D) were objected to having 2. I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. having been given C) to have been given B) having given D) to have given 题1答案是A。本题测试object作动词的用法。object to为不及物动词词组，无被动态，C、D两项可首先排除；又to在此为介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词，不能接动词不定式，B项也可排除；故A项为正确答案。 题2答案是A。appreciate后接动名词或名词，不接不定式，从语法角度上看，C、D可首先排除；又因opportunity是人家的，即被给的，从语义角度上，须用被动语态，B项也可排除；故A项为正确答案。  2. 解题顺序 在解语法题时，应当考虑解题顺序，先看四个选项，排除选项中本身存在错误的选项，使解题过程简化，从而提高解题速度和准确率。请看下列考题: 1. The goods when we arrived at the airport. were just unloading C) had just unloaded were just being unloaded D) were just been unloaded 2. I’m sure your suggestion will the problem. contribute to solving C) be contributed to solve B) contribute to solve D) be contributed to solving 题1答案是B。D项的被动语态的构成形式是错误的，可首先排除。unload为及物动词，空缺处后无宾语，谓语动词须用被动语态，A、C两项可排除，故B项为正确答案。 题2答案是A。contribute to为不及物动词词组，不能有被动态，C、D两项可首先排除；又此处“to”为介词，不是不定式符号，后接动名词，而非不定式，B项也可排除；故A项为正确答案。  3. 注意关键信息词 在有些语法结构题中，一个词或一个词组提供的信息，可以是解题的关键。在做题时，要特别注意这样的关键信息词，可提高准确率。请看下列考题： 1. It wasn’t such a good dinner she had promised us. A) that B) which C) as D) what 2. It was essential that the application forms back before the deadline. A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent 题1答案是C。题中such是个信息词，其后接that或as的主从复合句，B、D两项可首先排除。as是关系代词，后接定语从句，表达“像…样的”；that是连接词，引导表结果的状语从句，表达“这样…以至于”。根据题意，后面是定语从句，故C项为正确答案。 题2答案是C。题中essential是个信息词，在