chapter 5 pereption and decision makingchapter 5 perception and decision makingchapter 5 perception and decision makingchapter 5 perception and decision making.ppt

24 It is important to recognize that group decision-making is not always the best. However, if accuracy, creativity and buy-in to the solution is important, than groups are more effective than individuals. For a group to function well, the optimum size is 5-7 people involved. 25 There are several ways in which a group can become more effective in their decision-making. One of the ways is brainstorming--a technique where everyone states their ideas--a “freewheeling” session. The power of brainstorming is to ensure that people do not begin to evaluate. What you want to do is generate a big list of ideas--no matter how strange or unusual. You’ll evaluate the ideas later in the process. Nominal group technique helps groups arrive at a preferred solution. This is done by group members being present at a meeting and secretly writing a lists of preferred solutions to a problem. In this way there is no restriction of an individual’s thinking. Lastly, electronic meetings blend nominal group techniques with technology. People do not have to be in the same room and yet they can put their views and comments forward in a discussion without having to disclose who is saying what. Bounded Rationality Time and cost constrain Uncertainty of environments Incomplete information Limited abilities to process massive information Rationality assumptions: Modification of rational model 制定决策Making Decisions 理性 Rationality Managers make consistent, value-maximizing choices with specified constraints. 有限理性 Bounded Rationality Managers make decisions rationally, but are limited (bounded) by their ability to process information. A Search Process to “Satisfice” Ascertain the Need for a Decision Simplify the Problem Set “Satisfying” Criteria Identify a Limited Set of Alternatives Compare Alternatives Against Criteria Expand Search for Alternatives Select the First “Good Enough” Choice A “Satisficing” Alternative Exists Yes No Rationality assumptions: Modification of rational model Ana