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Common causes Diagnosis Symptoms Tests Turbinate hypertrophy Turbinate enlargement (usually inferior) on PE Direct inspection Vasomotor rhinitis Clear glary mucus Rule out other etiologies Septal perforation Septal perforation on physical examination Direct inspection Valvular collapse Nasal “valvular” collapse on deep inspiration Cottle test, observation of a deep inspiration Choanal atresia Unilateral (or bilateral) nasal obstruction with clear rhinorrhea Sagittal CTs through nasopharynx Treatment Diagnosis Treatment Septal deviation Septoplasty Turbinate hypertrophy Decongestants, turbinopl