生物化学 chap 12 DNA replication幻灯片.pptVIP

Chapter 12 DNA replication Central principles 13.1 Semiconservative replication (半保留复制) 13.2 What replication needs template dNTP primer (引物) DNA polymerases (聚合酶) Mg2+ ＊ template ＊ dNTP ＊ primer (3’-OH) ＊ the direction (5’-3’) ＊ the two chains have the same characteristics 13.3 Mode for replication Lagging strand Lagging strand of DNA must grow overall in the 3’-5’ direction and is synthesized discontinuously in the form of short fragments (5’-3’) that are later connected covalently. Okazaki fragments Okazaki fragments are the short stretches of 1000-2000 bases produced during discontinuous replication; they are later joined into a covalently intact strand. 13.4 Progress of replication 13.5 Damage and repair of DNA Summary mechanism of DNA replication materials for DNA replication primer, DNA polymerases mode of DNA replicaition Okazaki fragments, leading and lagging strand * * Reverse transcription The two strands of the parental duplex(母链) are separated, and each serves as a template for synthesis of a new strand. The parental duplex is replaced with two daughter duplexes(子链), each of which has one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. n1dATP n2dGTP n3dCTP n4dTTP + + + + DNA DNA聚合酶 Mg 2+ dAMP dGMP dCMP dTMP DNA + (n1+n2+n3+n4)PPi Primer Primer is required to start DNA synthesis. It provides the free 3’-OH end that DNA polymerases can add nucleotides to the 3’-OH end of the growing chain. Primer (a small fragment) is synthesized by RNA polymerase (primase引物合成酶). Primer can start synthesize a small complementary RNA sequence under the direction of DNA template. DNA polymerases DNA polymerases are the enzymes that make DNA (synthesizing a daughter strand of DNA under direction of a DNA template). The choice of the nucleotide to add to the chain is dictated by base pairing with the template strand. DNA synthesis occurs by adding nucleot