EconomicInstrumentstopromoteSmartGrowth促进生态发展.pptVIP

Economic Instruments to promote Smart Growth促进生态发展的经济手段 Ma Zhong 马 中 School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China 中国人民大学环境学院 July 23, 2002 Rizhao, Shandong What are Economic Instruments什么是经济手段 Finance 财政 Property Right 产权 Marketing 创建市场 Charge 收费 Taxation 税收 Banking 金融 Compensation 赔偿 Stock 证券 Why Economic Instruments为什么要采用经济手段 Fund raising 筹集资金 Behavior Change 改变行为 Cost Effectiveness 降低成本 Efficiency Improvement 提高效率 Sound Use of Local Resources 合理利用资源 Foundation for Economic Instruments经济手段的基础 Legislation 立法 Planning 规划 Regulation 规章制度 Resource Inventory 资源调查 Public Participation 公众参与 Legislation 立法 Based on National Laws 以国家法律为依据 Creative Local Legislation 建立地方法 Covering both Development and Environment 兼顾环境与发展 Inter-sectors and Cross Boundaries 关注跨界和部门间的问题 Planning 规划 Mid- and Long Term Planning with Specific Goals 有明确目标的中长期规划 Covering both Develpoment and Environment 同时制定环境与发展规划 Amendable and Assessable 可以修改和评价 Regulations 规章制度 Based on Legislations 以法律为依据 Practical and Specific 实用具体 Well built Capacities 有实施能力 Public Participation 公众参与 Promoting Awareness 提高意识 Public Education 公共教育 Community-based Strategy 社区发展 Resources Inventory 资源调查 Reduced Total Emission Control 递减的总量控制 Wildlife Investigation 生态资源普查 Ecosystem Status 生态系统状况 Risk Assessment 风险评估 Finance 财政 Grant 赠款 Special Fund 专项基金 Allocation 拨款 Property Right 产权 Ownership 财产权 User Right 使用权 Development Permit 开发权 Emission Permit 排放许可 Marketing 创建市场 Tradable Permit 可交易的许可证 Tradable Stock 可交易股票 Tradable Property Right 可交易产权 Taxation 税收 Pollution Tax 污染税 Product Tax 产品税 Resource Tax 资源税 Differential Tax 差别税 Tax Exemption 免税 Charge 收费 Emission Levy 排放费 User Fee 使用费 Resource Charge 资源补偿费 Banking 金融 Soft Loan 软贷款 Favorate Loan 优惠贷款 Subsidized Loan 贴息贷款 Commercial Loan 商业贷款 Fund 基金 Stock 证券 Naturally Monopoly Resources 专有自然资源 Environmental Industries and Products 环境产业和产品 Environmental Technologies 环境技术 Potential Benefi