不同果位和结铃期对棉花种子活力的影响.docVIP

不同果位和结铃期对棉花种子活力的影响 　　摘 要：为了明确影响棉花种子活力的因素，本研究以鲁棉研28和银兴棉4号为试材，对其不同密度、不同果位、不同结铃期所产种子的活力进行测定。结果表明：健籽率的变化规律是伏桃种子高于伏前桃、秋桃，第一果节和中部果节种子的健籽率高于末梢果节。健籽率与种子活力指标呈高度正相关。种子活力的变化规律是伏桃种子最高，其次是伏前桃，秋桃的种子活力最低。中等栽培密度时第一果节种子活力较高，中部果节次之，较高栽培密度时中部果节种子活力较高，第一果节次之。随着密度增大，高活力种子有向中部推移的趋势，中早熟品种不同果位种子活力对密度的反应较中晚熟品种敏感。高活力种子生产应以采收中部果位的伏桃种子为宜，通过机械加工提高健籽率是提高种子活力的有效途径。 　　关键词：棉花；种子活力；结铃部位；结铃期 　　中图分类号：S562.01文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0076-04 　　Abstract In order to clear the effect factors on cotton seed vigor，taking SCRC 28 and Yinxingmian 4 as materials， the vigor of seeds reapped in different planting densities，boll-setting positions and stages was determinated. The results showed that the healthy seed rate of summer boll was higher than that of pre-summer and autumn bolls. The healthy seed rate of the first and central fruit branches was higher than that of twig fruit branch. There was highly positive correlation of healthy seed rate with seed vigor. The seed vigor of summer boll was the highest，followed by that of pre-summer boll，that of autumn boll was the lowest. In the medium planting density，the seed vigor of the first fruit branch was the highest，followed by that of the central fruit branch. In the higher planting density，the seed vigor of the central fruit branch was the highest，followed by that of the first fruit branch. With the increase of planting density，the seeds with high vigor had the tendency of moving toward the central fruit branch. The mid-early maturity varieties were more sensitive to the reaction of seed vigor to planting density than mid-late maturity varieties. It was suitable to harvest the seeds from summer boll on the central fruit branch to product the high vigor seeds. And it was an effective way to improve seed vigor through increasing the healthy seed rate by mechanical processing. 　　Keywords Cotton； Seed vigor； Boll-setting position； Boll-setting stage 　　棉花是中国种植面积最大的经济作物，其产量居全国经济作物之首。种子活力高则田间出苗迅速齐整，对不良环境的抵御能力强；低活力种子则发芽缓慢，出苗不整齐。种子活力受遗传基因[1-3]、生态环境[4，5]、收获