INECE环保问题.ppt

Module 3: Responding to Violations of Environmental Law Compliance Monitoring Compliance Monitoring Tools Inspections Self-Monitoring and Reporting Citizen Monitoring / Complaints Area Monitoring of Ambient Conditions Inspections Gather information to determine a facility’s compliance status Collect evidence to support enforcement actions Ensure quality of self-reported data Demonstrate government’s commitment to compliance by creating a credible presence Check whether facilities ordered to comply have done so Provide technical education and assistance to the regulated community Types and Levels of Inspections Types: Routine vs. For-cause Surprise vs. Announced Levels (increasing resource-intensiveness): Walk-through – quick survey, checking for basic equipment, practices, and records Compliance evaluation – more thorough inspection Sampling inspection – includes collection and analysis of physical samples Generic Inspection Procedure A compliance evaluation has eight basic phases: 1. Site selection 2. Preparation 3. Entry and opening conference 4. Field investigation, including interviewing and collecting evidence 5. Records investigation and review 6. Closing conference 7. Report writing 8. Referral for follow-up/enforcement Considerations for Designing an Inspection Program Facility Selection Process Type, Level, and Frequency of Inspections Thorough Understanding of Legal Authority Training Program for Government Inspectors Methods for Assuring the Quality and Reliability of Data Collected During Inspections OTHER CONSIDERATIONS? Self-Monitoring Reporting Sources track their own compliance and record or report the results for government review Shifts the burden to the polluter Authorities must review how data was collected to ensure quality Provide more extensive information than can be obtained through periodic inspections Provide a mechanism for educating regulated community about requirements Criminal penalties for fa