“肯定形式”示表“否定含义”三种形式.docVIP

“肯定形式”表示“否定含义”三种形式 在日常交流中，直接的否定在表达情感和观点时显得浅显易懂，尽管它们有的时候并不那么符合语法要求。比如，好久不见（long time no see）；或者，没钱什么都不行（no money， no good）；再比如，世上最快乐的人未必拥有最好的东西，他们只是使身边的一切跟随自己的意愿。（The happiest of people don‘t necessarily have the best of everything； they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.） 而含蓄的否定因为没有明显的否定词语，使得否定的情感和态度在表达时更加委婉得体。比如，一无所知（be in the dark）；又如，眼不见，心不烦（out of sight， out of mind）；再如，不知所措（be at a loss）。这些表达不禁让我们想起这样一句话：委婉并晦涩着！想要真正领悟这些委婉的否定表达，需要理解英语的思维方式、文化背景和生活习惯。在这里，我们仅仅针对今年高考北京卷阅读理解来学习这种频繁出现的语言形式——以委婉（肯定）形式表达否定含义的现象。 形式一：几乎不，几乎没有（hardly， seldom， few， little） 例1：（2009北京，A） ①When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see——the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. ②The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then. 题目： Upon leaving for America the author felt _____. A. confused B. excited C. worried D. amazed 第二句中hardly表明作者即将离开的国家几乎不会出现在脑海中，结合第一句很容易判断出来，作者对目的地充满了期待和憧憬。所以，此题正确答案是B. 例2：（2010北京， A） ①She was so unsettled during those first few days. ②She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. 题目： In her first few days at the author‘s house， Goldie_____. A. felt worried B. was angry C. ate a little D. sat by the fire 第二句中hardly表明Goldie几乎什么都不吃而且感到很忧伤。C选项中a little表明Goldie吃了一些东西，与文章矛盾，排除。B和D未提及，也排除，A选项自然浮现。如果同学们根据词根词缀的知识，能够理解单词unsettled是否定词缀un-和settled（安定的）组合在一起的意思，即为“不安的”意思，此题亦可轻松选出A项。可见，积累常见否定词根词缀的意义在高考阅读中非常明显。 例3： ①The days of the hunter are almost over in India. ②This is partly be-cause there is practically nothing left to kill， and partly because some steps have been taken， mainly by banning tiger-shooting， to protect those animals which still survive. 题目： There is no more hunting in India now partly because_____. A. it is dangerous to hunt there B. hunting is already out of date C. hunters want to protect animals D. there