2014届高考语法复习讲义：动词的语态.docVIP

动词的语态 一、动词的语态的种类：主动语态和被动语态。 二、被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时should/would + be done 情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 E.g. (1)一般现在时：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: When will the work be finished? (4) )过去将来时：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：Your tractor is being repaired now. (6)过去进行时：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：The work hasn’t been finished yet. (8)过去完成: The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began. (9)情态动词: Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 三、主动语态转换为被动语态要注意的几点：1、带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，若主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，.一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。但若将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，则将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to（此类动词为:bring,hand,leave,lend,read,pass,promise,refuse,return,send,shoe,tell,throw,write）或 for（此类动词为：buy,do,get,make,order,pay,play,sing）等。 E.g.(1)Grandma told me an interesting story last night.→Ｉwas told an interesting story last night. → An interesting story was told to me last night. (2)She bought me a bike. ( I was bought a bike(by her). (A bike was bought for me(by her). 2、若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch）和使役动词（如：make,have,let等）。 We saw him play football on the playground.( He was seen to play football on the playground. （2）The teacher made me go out of the classroom.( I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 3、短语动词是一个整体变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词The children were taken good care of (by her).(2)Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 4、含有情态动词和be going to,be to,ought to,used to,have to等结构变被动语态，需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 (The work ought to be finished on time. 5、当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。A）People say he is