2015-2016学年人教版Book8 unit3 语法导学案.docVIP

Book8 unit3 Inventors and inventions语法导学案 语法： 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语 【观察发现】1.There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. =There only seemed to be powders which are designed to kill snakes. 2. Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches. =As I was prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches. 3. But once picked up, they tried to bite me. =But once they were picked up, they tried to bite me. 4. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble. =But as they were monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble.【总结】 一、过去分词的语法作用?  过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1) 作定语：????单个过去分词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，过去分词短语作定语通常放?在?所修饰的名词之后, ?，其意义相当于一个定语从句。? A?broken?cup?is?lying?on?the?ground. ? Is?it?a?letter?written?in?pen? ? ? 2) 作表语：过去分词通常在系动词后面作表语，相当于形容词，多表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。 ? She?was?excited?at?the?news. ?? The?teacher?looks?very?pleased. 提醒：过去分词作表语不同于被动语态，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。 The road is covered with fallen leaves. (表状态）  The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作) 3). 作宾语补足语 过去分词（短语）在感官动词之后作宾语补足语，如：see , hear , find , feel ,observe , watch ,notice等。 如 ： I heard the song sung in English. 过去分词(短语)在使役动词之后作宾语补足语，如：have (让，使) ，keep (使处于某状态) ，get (使得) ，leave (使处于某状态) ，make，set (使处于某状态)等。 The work left him exhausted. (3) 过去分词(短语)在“希望”， “想”之后作宾语补足语如：want，wish, would like 等。 I don’t want my name linked with him. 注意：过去分词(短语) 在使役动词have之后作宾语补足语表示的动作 1）往往是由别人完成的。如：I had my car repaired. (别人修的) I had my hair cut. (别人给我理的) 2）表示主语的遭遇或经历…如: He had his wallet stolen. (4) with 的复合结构 With his homework finished, he went out to play . 二、过去分词与现在分词的区别 两者的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思；在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。 比较：What he said was very touching. (主动) I was touched by the sight. (被动) the boiling water沸水（动作正在进行） the boiled water 开水（动作已完成） 【练练吧】 1.突然出现一个穿绿衣的女子。 Suddenly there