集装箱平车高频弹性振动分析.doc

集装箱平车高频弹性振动分析 高浩 戴焕云 [摘要] 随着铁路运输的发展，高速、重载和轻量化成为铁路货车的发展方向。高速化使得铁路不平顺引起的随机激励的频域加宽，高频成分增加；轻量化和载重增加往往导致车体整体或局部刚度不足，货车的动力学性能受到很大的影响。车体振动的非线性因素增加，垂向振动加速度增大，局部出现高频弹性振动。为了研究车体的垂向振动本文将车体考虑成柔性体，建立货车的刚柔耦合系统动力学模型，通过时域积分得到车体垂向位移激扰，最后在ANSYS中进行动力学分析，得到车体各部分的加速度响应。对计算结果进行分析，找到局部出现加速度过大的原因。 [关键词] 集装箱平车 刚柔耦合 垂向加速度 高频振动 High Frequency Elastic Vibration Analysis of Container Flat Wagon GAO Hao DAI Huan-yun Traction Power State Key Laboratory Southwest Jiao tong University [Abstract] With the development of railway transport, High-speed, heavy haul and lighterweight is the trend of wagon development. The speed becomes more and more higher, and frequency domain of random excitation which is brought by the railway track irregularity becomes wider, high frequency proprotion becomes larger. The dynamic capability of wagon was affected greatly by low global or local rigidity due to heavy haul and lighterweight. Nonlinear factors of car body vibration increased, vertical-vibration acceleration augmented and high frequency elastic vibration appeared. In order to get accurate simulation result, the car body must be considered as flexile body. Rigid-flex system dynamic model was built. Vertical displacement of car body was calculated by time domain integration. Finally, the displacement excitation input back to ANSYS for dynamical analysis, and the acceleration respondence of car body was calculated. Analyze the result and find the reason of big vertical-vibration acceleration. [key word] container flat wagon rigid-flex vertical acceleration high frequency vibration 铁道车辆是一个大的非线性系统，特别是货车非线性因素很多，如：转向架中摩擦减振器，两级刚度弹簧，由间隙产生的非线性特性等等。高速、重载和轻量化导致车体的振动非线性加强。以往的计算中将车体考虑成刚体，实践证明，这已经不能反映车体的实际振动情况。随着车速的提高，铁路不平顺引起的随机激励的频域加宽，车体的垂向和横向加速度也随之增大，并且较高的频率激扰激励出车体的弹性振动。轻量化和高速化对车体垂向振动有很明显的影响，如2003年研发的双层集装箱平车和本文讨论的新型集装箱平车，在重载工况下垂向加速度达到1g，远远超过0.7的限度值；客车的软卧车厢侧墙，地板也出现较大的振动。垂向加速度是车辆性能的重要指标，对行车安全、旅客的舒适度和货物的安全都有直接的影响，为了更准确的计算分析，需将车体考虑成柔性体[1]，建立刚柔耦合动力学模型进行仿真计算。 本文的研究对象为一种新型集装箱平车，该车结构简单、自重轻、载重大，可以装载3个20ft的集