石油危机.pptVIP

石油危機 對國際政治及經濟的影響 What Is Petroleum? Petroleum is called crude oil .It is a thick, flammable, yellow-to-black colored liquid . formed from the remains of plants and tiny animals; buried by layers of mud and sand; built up great pressure and heat; changed into kerogen; a waxy substance that forms oil and natural gas The Primary Sources of Energy for the World The Main Uses for Oil 石油在世界的剩餘量 根據哈伯特定律,任何油田被開採出一半時,產量將達到最高峰,開採會變得困難,產量減少 美國,北海油田的產量已減少 OPEC的油藏量比宣稱的少 未來油價必定大漲 開發ANWR不是解決方案 What is OPEC’s Mission ? OPEC’s mission is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil prices in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital to those investing in the petroleum industry . The Price Level of Oil 1948-----$2.5 1957-----$3.1 1970-----$3.0 1972-----$3.4 1974-----$12 1978-----$14 1981-----$35 1985-----$10 1986-----$18 1991-----$25 1999-----$25 2001-----$28 The World Events Affecting Price Level of Oil 1914：1st World War started 1939：2nd World War started 1970：OPEC begins to assert power; raises tax rate posted prices 1973：Oil embargo begins OPEC freezes posted prices; US begins mandatory oil allocation 1974：Oil embargo ends 1975：Saudis increase tax rates and royalties 1979：OPEC decides on 14.5% price increase for Jan 1, 1979 OPEC raises prices 14.5% again on April 1, 1979 OPEC raises prices 15% on July 1,1979 The World Events Affecting Price Level of Oil (2) 1980：Saudis raise marker crude price from 19$/bbl to 26$/bbl Kuwait, Iran, and Libya production cuts drop OPEC oil production to 27 million b/d Saudi Light raised to $28/bbl 1981：Saudi Light raised to $34/bbl First major fighting in Iran-Iraq War US boycotts Libyan crude; OPEC plans 18 million b/d output 1982：OPEC output drops to 15 million b/ OPEC cuts prices by $5/bbl and agrees to 17.5 million b/d output (3) 1984：OPE