国际金融（原书第12版）教学课件作者大卫.艾特曼（DavidEiteman）阿瑟.斯通西M20_EITE1342_12E_IM_C20课件.pdfVIP

Chapter 20 Multinational Tax Management ? Questions 20-1. Tax Morality. a. What is meant by the term tax morality? The MNE faces not only a morass of foreign taxes but also an ethical question. In many countries taxpayers, corporate or individual, do not voluntarily comply with the tax laws. Smaller domestic firms and individuals are the chief violators. The MNE must decide whether to follow a practice of full disclosure to tax authorities or adopt the philosophy, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” Given the local prominence of most foreign subsidiaries and the political sensitivity of their position, most MNEs follow the full disclosure practice. Some firms, however, believe that their competitive position would be eroded if they did not avoid taxes to the same extent as their domestic competitors. There is obviously no prescriptive answer to the problem, since business ethics are partly a function of cultural heritage and historical development. b. Your company has a subsidiary in Russia, where tax evasion is a fine art. Discuss whether you should comply fully with Russian tax laws or should violate the laws as do your local competitors. Discussion question. 20-2. Tax Neutrality. a. Define the term “tax neutrality.” When a government decides to levy a tax, it must consider not only the potential revenue from the tax, or how efficiently it can be collected, but also the effect the proposed tax can have on private economic behavior. For example, the U.S. government’s policy on taxation of foreign-source income does not have as single objective the raising of revenue. b. What is the difference between domestic neutrality and foreign neutrality. One way to view neutrality is to require that the burden of taxation on each dollar, euro, pound, or yen of profit earned in home country operations by an MNE be equal to the burden of taxation on each currency equivalent of profit earned by the same firm in its foreign operations. This is called domestic neutrality. A secon