高中英语语法--《非谓语动词（二）》教学网.docVIP

目的：复习高考中与非谓语动词有关的知识。 重点：非谓语动词在句子中的功能作用。 难点：充当同一句子成分的非谓语动词用法上的区别。 Ⅶ、非谓语动词作状语 一、不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 还可以用早某些作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。 I stayed there to see what would happen. He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. I am very glad to see you. She is too tired to do the job. 二、分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。如： Being sick, I stayed at home. Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice. United, we stand; divided, we fell. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it . The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 三、注意点： 1.非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。 Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.（错误） Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。如： Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时小心。 3.有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。 With all the work finished, he happily went home. 4.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： T The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesn’t open. =Because it is Sunday today, the library doesn’t open. 5、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。 adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly …) + speaking, … judging from / by… 从… …判断 considering … / taking…into consideration supposing /providing / provided that …假如 given sth./ that… 假如，考虑到… … e.g：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all. 6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分 To make things/matters even worse To be honest/ exact / strict / frank To begin with To tell you the truth Believe it or not e.g：To be frank (= Frankly speaking), I don’t like your attitude. Believe it or not, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.