台湾本土新颖微生物之开发.doc

台灣本土新穎微生物之開發 Exploration of novel indigenous bacteria in Taiwan 楊秋忠*、沈佛亭、賴威安、包安倫、包瑞卡 Young, C.C.*, Shen, F.T., Lai, W.A., Arun, A.B., and Rekha, P.D. 國立中興大學土壤環境科學系 Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 摘要 本研究室在微生物肥料及有機廢棄物/污染物分解微生物之研發上，已自台灣各地區篩選分離並開發多種本土新穎菌種，其中包括游離固氮菌、根瘤菌、溶解難溶性無機磷細菌具植物生長促進活性之根圈微生物纖維素分解菌、蛋白質分解菌、澱粉水解菌、聚木醣分解菌、果膠質分解菌、幾丁質分解菌、脂質分解菌、柴油分解菌及重油分解菌等利用系統性分類學研究方法包括菌種生理生化特性分析、基因型分析與細胞化學組成分析鑑定菌種，確定各本土分離株之分類地位，了解微生物菌種之生物安全等級。為本土分離在微生物肥料開發上之潛力，進行多功能特性之篩選及測試，針對胺基酸脫羧酵素IAA產、固氮活性及溶磷能力測試，並利用盆栽試驗及田間試驗了解微生物對作物生長之影響。蛋白質分解酵素、脂質分解酵素、纖維素分解酵素、聚木醣分解酵素、果膠質分解酵素、幾丁質分解酵素結果顯示本土分離多種植物生長促進相關之特性，盆栽或田間試驗結果亦證明，半量化學肥料混合有效減少化學肥料之施用。本土根瘤菌、溶磷微生物之接種不但可增加土壤中之有效性養分、亦可降低因過量化學肥料施用對土壤酸化與地力衰退之衝擊，永續農業生產。本土分離之新穎菌種如菩提奇異球菌(Deinococcus ficus CC-FR2-10)可產生蛋白質分解酵素、脂質分解酵素、澱粉水解酵素、多種醣苷水解酵素及磷酸水解酵素。菌株之生理試驗結果顯示多株本土分離之新菌種可於10-60℃、pH 3-10及0-6%鹽類濃度條件下生長，有利於菌種在不同環境或不同農業資材中適應及生長，其中可於中性或鹼性條件下分解纖維素之菌株，亦可應用於之分解。利用碳源分析試驗顯示本土新穎菌種可分解多種碳水化合物、有機酸、胺基酸及核酸，其基質利用範圍甚廣。本土分離菌種具微生物廢棄物資源化或有機污染土壤之生物復育。 Abstract decomposition or organic pollutant degradation. These bacteria include free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, root nodulating bacteria, mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria, plant growth promotion rhizobacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, amylolytic bacteria, xylanolytic bacteria, pectinolytic bacteria, chitinolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria, diesel oil degrading bacteria and heavy oil degrading bacteria. The polyphasic approach was used to study the taxonomic position of these bacteria, by physiological, biochemical, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. The biosafety level of these bacteria was also considered based on the identification result. Traits for the promotion of crop growth were analyzed including ACC deaminase activity, IAA production, nitrogen fixing activity and mineral phosphate solubilizing activity. The pot assay and field test were also performed after inoculation of the indigenous novel bacteria isolated from T