工程项目的系统分析概要.ppt

System Concept System Definition/ Preliminary Design Detailed Design/ System Development Systems Evaluation Construction/ Production System Operation/ Support Systems Evaluation System Phase-out Systems Engineering Process Stages of systems engineering System concept. Clarify the problem, establish the need and value for the system; set overall mission, objectives, and operational and maintenance requirements for the system. System definition and preliminary design. Determine major functions of the system; cluster functions to form subsystems; perform systems analysis to evaluate design alternatives; prepare design specifications. Detailed design and development. Describe in detail subsystems, units, assemblies; develop models to test performance and integration of design; prepare for production of system System production or fabrication. Maintain construction/production operation and produce the system;prepare for installation of system. System operation and support. Check out and install system within the user environment; provide maintenance, field support, and system enhancement as necessary to ensure continued compliance with objectives; phase out system at the end of its useful life. A third application of the systems approach is systems management, the management and operation of organizations as systems. Three major characteristics distinguish systems management. Systems management First, it is total-system oriented and emphasizes achievement of the overall system mission and system objectives. Second, it emphasizes decisions that optimize the overall system rather than subsystems. Third, it is responsibility-oriented. The manager of each subsystem is given specific assignments so that inputs, outputs, and contribution to total system effectiveness can be measured. Systems management works to ensure that organizations, responsibilities, knowledge, and data are integrated toward achieving overall objectives. Thus, the orientation of the systems