20万吨氯化氢合成工艺初步设计.docVIP

四川理工学院毕业设计 20万吨/年氯化氢合成工艺的初步设计 学 生： 龚 宇 学 号：07031010105 专 业：化学工程与工艺 班 级：工艺071班 指导老师：刘 兴 勇 四川理工学院材料与化学工程学院 二〇一一年六月摘 要 通过对国内外PVC的发展概况及盐酸生产的了解，随着氯碱工业的快速发展，为了与烧碱的生产能力配套，合成盐酸的规模也在不断扩大。在氯碱生产企业中，通常采用氯气和氢气直接合成氯化氢，用水吸收氯化氢制取盐酸。本设计采用在反应器中将通入的氢气与氯气点燃进行反应，制得氯化氢气体。在氯气和氢气的反应过程中，有毒的氯气被过量的氢气所包围，使氯气得到充分反应，防止了对空气的污染。近年来随着不透性石墨设备的发展，制取氯化氢的合成炉已有最初的铁合成炉发展到“二合一”石墨炉、“三合一”石墨炉等。通过对这几种合成炉的比较，本设计选用“二合一”石墨炉。通过从工艺和安全上的比较，绘制了氯化氢的工艺流程图。另外，通过物料衡算和热量衡算，以及主要设备的计算及选型，并对所选设备列出设备一览表。 关键词：氯化氢；盐酸制备；合成炉 Abstract At home and abroad through the development of PVC, as well as knowledge of hydrochloric acid production in the chlor-alkali production enterprises, the use of direct synthesis of chlorine and hydrogen chloride, water absorption of hydrogen chloride from hydrochloric acid system.With the rapid development of chlor-alkali industry, synthesis of hydrochloric are also development in order to production capacity of caustic. Production in the chlor-alkali enterprises, hydrochloric are usually direct synthed by chlorine and hydrogen. And using Water absorption. When the industrial hydrogen are product, First of all hydrogen in the reactor will be lit, and then pass into the reaction of chlorine, Hydrogen chloride gas are obtained. Hydrogen chloride gas was cooling as a hydrochloric acid absorption of water. Chlorine and hydrogen in the reaction process, the toxic chlorine gas was surrounded by an excessive amount of hydrogen chloride so that the full reaction of chlorine to prevent contamination of the air.In recent years, with the development of impervious graphite equipment , Preparation of the synthesis of hydrochloric have been the first iron furnace synthesis furnace totwo-in-one graphite Furnace, three-in-one, such as graphite furnace. Furnace through the synthesis of these different kinds of comparison, the design of the term two-in-one graphite furnace. Technology and security from the comparison, the use of CAD software gr