机电专业英语第2版9Unit 9概要.ppt

Unit 9 The Construction of CNC Machine Text 2．Control system— There are two types of control systems on NC／CNC machines: open—loop and closed—loop. The type of control loop used determines the overall accuracy of the machine. The open—loop control system does not provide positioning feedback to the control unit. The closed—loop control system is very accurate. It has an automatic compensative function for error, since the feedback device indicates the error and the control makes the necessary adjustments to bring the slide back to the position. They apply AC, DC or hydraulic servomotors. 3．Drive motors—The drive motors control the machine slide movement on NC／CNC equipment. They fall into four basic types: Stepper motors convert a digital pulse generated by the microcomputer unit (MCU) into a small step rotation. Stepper motors are used in open—loop control systems, while AC, DC or hydraulic servomotors are used in closed—loop control systems. Text Direct current (DC) servomotors are variable speed motors that rotate in response to the applied voltage. They are used to drive a lead screw and gear mechanism. DC servomotors Provide higher-torque output than stepper motors. Alternative current (AC) servomotors are controlled by varying the voltage frequency to control speed. They can develop more power than a DC servomotor. They are also used to drive a lead screw and gear mechanism. Fluid or hydraulic servomotors are also variable speed motors. They are able to produce more power, or more speed in the case of pneumatic motors than electric servomotors. The hydraulic pump provides energy to valves that are controlled by the MCU. Text 4. Tool changers— In a common machining, several different cutting tools are used to produce a part. The tools must be replaced quickly for the next machining operation. For this reason, the majority of NC／CNC machine tools are equipped with automatic tool changers, such as magazines on machine center and turr