10th被动语态的翻译.ppt

被动语态的翻译 The wide use of the passive is considered to be one of the outstanding features of the English language, especially in its scientific works. And the following is a typical example: in a short section with 14 predicate verbs, the passive accounts for 12 of them. Original English: As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from-falling in. if oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. Chinese Version: 由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地表不能确定石油的有无。因此对地下岩层结构必须进行地质探测。如果认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的钻孔中。当孔钻成时，放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系列阀门流出。 As we may see from this passage, the passive voice occurs 12 times in a passage of 360 words. More instances of the passive voice may be found from Practical Translation Training: The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to … 标准化的教育或心理测试广泛用于…… …that can be measured with reasonable precision. 能测量出合理的精确度 All …are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. 都基于一些有关过去表现的了解。 …students whose high potential has not been previously recognized. 以前没有被公认的很有潜力的学生。 As we know from its grammar, English passive voice is used to indicate an unknown subject, for the purpose of emphasis, or for the sake of stylistic device, as shown in the following cases: （1）When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated, for example: We are kept strong and well by clean air. 洁净的空气使我们身体健康。 (2) When the actor (doer of