Metadata vocabularies and ontologies UKOLN Home Page元数据词表和本体 ukoln主页.pptVIP

Terminology Metadata is structured data about data a form of language (pidgin) A metadata vocabulary or schema: declares a set of concepts or terms and their associated definitions and relationships the terms are often known as elements, attributes and qualifiers the definitions provide the semantics, ideally these are both human and machine readable in effect a manifestation of an ontology A scheme: controlled vocabulary or enumerated type Ontologies Schemas Types of schemas Vocabularies range from canonical international standards to implementation specific schemas Single element sets Combinations of vocabularies Cross-domain Specific domains Particular applications or implementations Vocabulary disclosure Namespace schemas: declare a unique set of elements and definitions ideally, addressed on the Web with a URI may be an XML or RDF schema Application profiles: declare which terms are used by a particular application or project may mix-and-match terms from multiple namespaces may specify dependencies e.g. mandate schemes may adapt existing definitions for local purposes may declare rules for content (usage guidelines) may specify whether an element is mandatory, optional or repeatable Encoding formats Resource Description Framework (RDF) A shared grammar is needed to ensure that metadata is interpreted consistently A framework for making statements about properties and relationships of items on the Web A basic model for making statements about resources: Resource: anything with a URI Description: states the properties of the resource using terms named by URIs Framework: a common model or grammar for statements Uses XML as serialisation syntax RDF model syntax Expresses the statement: “The SCHEMAS Project is the publisher of the resource which is identified by /” RDF Schemas (RDFS) Web-based publication format for declaring semantics W3C Recommendation Has capability to explicitly declare semantic relations between vocabulary terms Machine read