MountainGravity Waves DRI Desert Research Institute山重力波DRI沙漠研究所.pptVIP

Scorer Parameter This parameter is related to the transmissivity of the atmosphere to gravity waves considering only hydrostatic processes Mountain (Gravity) Waves ; i.e. static stability dominates over inertia or ; i.e. effect of stability dominates over Coriolis , i.e. scale is larger than short-wave cutoff for gravity waves Vertically Propagating Gravity Waves Effect of moisture on Mountain Waves Effect is to lessen the Brunt Vasallai frequency because latent heat reduces lapse rate: Increases depth of mountain wave Increases horizontal wavelength May cause some trapping of shorter wavelengths Theory of Downslope Wind Storms They go by a number of names: Chinook winds (Rockie, Indian name that means “snow eater” Foehn wind, name used in Europe Santa Ana wind, name used in Southern California Theory of Downslope Wind Storms (contd.) Downslope wind storms are related to mountain waves Mountain waves will locally increase the winds on the lee side of the mountain, but typically not to severe levels But in downslope wind cases they get very strong reaching severe levels routinely ( 55 kts) Lets look at a famous documented windstorm hitting Boulder Colorado on 11 January, 1972 Klemp and Lilly Theory Based on hydrostatic simulations Partial reflection of group velocity off of tropopause creating resonance Need tropopause height to be integer number of half wavelengths above surface Resonance increases amplitude of mountain wave…no wave breaking in their hydrostatic theory Clark and Peltier (1977) Same effect but upper wave breaks The breaking upper wave destabilizes upper troposphere and lower stratosphere ducting the underlying mountain wave more Strong amplification of lower troposphere wave Critical level at ? optimal Influence of Mid-Level Inversion Created by a cold pool to the west and to the east, such as a Great Basin High to west of Rockies and Arctic High to east Inversion near or