PowerPoint Presentation Quaternary PowerPoint演示文稿第四纪.pptVIP

Quaternary palaeoenvironments Proxy indicators of environmental change Examples of the proxy approach What are the main kinds of proxies in Quaternary research? Glaciological archives Geological proxies Geological proxies Historical proxies ‘Historical’ proxies European temperature records only begin in C18th - but how cold/warm were previous years? Single proxies: French grape harvest dates (AD 1484 -1880) Multiple proxies: phenological observations Winter of 1740 in eastern England Biological proxies Factors determining the utility of organisms as biological proxies Bio-proxies Determining organism abundance from body parts Factors determining the utility of organisms as biological proxies Factors determining the utility of organisms as biological proxies Factors determining the utility of organisms as biological proxies Taphonomic stages in the preservation of a modern oyster community Preservation potential of macrofauna, Baffin Island fjords and continental shelf Differential preservation by habitat, Baffin Island fjords and continental shelf Differential preservation of trophic categories, Baffin Island fjords and continental shelf Environmental controls on organic preservation Aeolian transportation Fluvial transportation and redeposition Habitat representation? Common biological proxies Reconstructing palaeoenvironments: temporal calibration of proxy Proxy calibration (spatial) Proxy calibration (spatial) Transfer functions Checking the reconstruction Analyse archival recorde.g.peat bog Reconstruction from transfer function Replicationof results at local, regional, or global scales Checking with multiproxies: Deserted Lake , VI Validation from 4 proxies Elk Lake, Itasca Park, Minn. Multiproxy validation and complementarity :Elk Lake: Minn. - pollen, lake geochemistry and diatoms e.g. cold warm Present-day environmental gradient samples e.g. single species morphology % forams coiled to right e.g. cold warm Present-day environmental