The Census and Gerrymandering Personal pages of 个人网页和徇私普查.pptVIP

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2017-03-09 发布于上海
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The Census and Gerrymandering Personal pages of 个人网页和徇私普查.ppt

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The Census and Gerrymandering Personal pages of 个人网页和徇私普查

The Census and Gerrymandering Stephen Solomon Census As A Tool For Change Charles Hirschman, scholar of the concept of race, studied drastic and seemingly random changes to the population of Malaysia over. By looking at the census he saw that as time passed the colonial census became predominantly racial and less concerned with indigenous religion Race categories were did not always contain the same choices from census to census They also included choices that were nothing more than geographic landmarks. This was all people can fall into some category and be administered more easily. Racial Quantification Pre-Colonial rulers did take a census but only for military and tax purposes. The colonial census used the data to administer social services and to enforce a racial hierarchy Habits were marked and mapped so the people could be ruled from above. They of course ran into problems when their definition of race was at odds with the definition of race that had been formed over time by the people themselves, not from outsiders. Gerrymandering Modern states use data much like colonial powers to administer regions that are not homogenous Gerrymandering is when borders of a district are manipulated to form a political advantage. Democracies that use the first past the post system to elect a single candidate to represent a district are at a greater risk for gerrymandering. Many countries avoid this problem by having only one district or by having district lines drawn by an independent commission Where Did You Get That Name? The term Gerrymandering came from Elbridge Gerry, an American politician The term was coined as a result of his creative district drawing in Massachusetts in order to give his party, the Jefferson Republican party a political advantage. How and Where Does It Happen? Mostly occurs ?n the Un?ted States 36 states have the?r d?rst?ct borders drawn by state leg?slature 7 states have an ?nd?pendat comm?ss?on 7 states only have one d?str?ct Under normal ci