The Impact of National Culture民族文化的影响.pptVIP

High and Low Context Cultures Contextual differences affect the way you approach situations such as decision making, problem solving, and negotiating. Decision making: In lower context cultures, business people try to reach decisions quickly and efficiently. They’re concerned with reaching an agreement on main points, leaving details to be worked out later by others. In higher-context cultures, details are important and they take their time. a. Contextual Differences cont. Problem Solving: Low context cultures encourage open disagreement, whereas high context cultures avoid confrontation and debate. Negotiating: Low context cultures view negotiations impersonally and focus on economic goals, whereas high-context cultures emphasize relationships and a sociable atmosphere when negotiating. a. Contextual Differences cont. Methodology Six countries were selected from the CRANET database varying from high to low context. Turkey and Greece as high context countries, Italy and France as medium context and Finland and Sweden as low context countries. The dependent or criterion variable, internal transparency, was measured by using the questions related to whether organizations brief clerical and manual employees on issues of business strategy, ?nancial performance and the organization of work. A seven-point scale was created, with six indicating the brie?ng of both clerical and manual employees on all three issues, and zero indicating no brie?ng of either category on any of the issues. ? ? ? Strategic Nature of HRM, Union Presence and Direct Communication in 9 countries listed in order of high to low context Strategic Nature of HRM Union Presence Direct Communication ? N Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Turkey 171 13.48 5.19 2.62 1.85 2.06 1.56 Greece 180 15.53 5.99 3.24 1.52 2.18 1.57 Bulgaria 157 9.71 5.70 2.93 1.73 2.46 1.85 Italy 117 17.26 6.29 3.88 1.04 2.74 1.79 France 140 18.09 3.57 3.21 1.06 3.09 1.85 Slovenia 161 14.44 5.04 3.84 1.17 3.21 1.93 Estonia 118 12.90 5.20 1.9