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Universal Gravitation Physics Mr. Padilla Falling Apple hits Newton on the head. According to the law of inertia, it would not fall unless acted upon by an outside force. If the moon did not fall, it would move off in a straight line and leave orbit. The moon is, therefore just a projectile circling Earth under the attraction of gravity Newton Gravity Newton did not discover gravity. Newton showed that the gravity of a regular sphere is the same as if the mass were concentrated at its center. Developed the law of universal gravitation. This theory confirmed the Copernican theory of the solar system. Law of Universal Gravitation Everything pulls on everything else. This pull involves only an objects mass and their distance apart. Law of universal gravitation – every object acts on every other object with a force that for any two objects is proportional to the mass of each object. Law of Universal Gravitation The force decreases as the square of the dist. between objects increases. The greater the distance the less the force. Universal Gravitational Constant – G Force of gravity between two objects Fg = G m1m2 r2 Gravitational Constant The gravitational constant was first calculated by Henry Cavendish, 150 years after Newton’s discovery, and then again later by Phillip von Jolly Example Problem The Earth has a mass of 5.98x1024 kg and rotates around the Sun at a distance of 1.50x1011 m. If the sun has a mass of 1.99x1030 kg, what is the force of gravity the Sun exerts on the Earth? Force of gravity = 3.53x1022 N Sample Problem 7I Find the distance between a 0.300 kg billiard ball and a 0.400 kg billiard ball if the magnitude of the gravitational force is 8.92 x 10-11 N. Gravity and you Estimate your mass. If the radius of the Earth is 6.67x106 m, can you calculate the force of gravity exerted on you by the Earth? (Do it) Is there another way to do it? Gravity Gravity is considered to be a very weak force. We sense gravity only when large masses like the Ear