Volumetric and Mass Measurements Furman University体积和质量的测量弗曼大学.pptVIP

TC vs. TD: questions to ponder Both kinds of graduated cylinders are common. In which situation would you use each? TC vs. TD: questions to ponder A plastic graduated cylinder has the inscription “TC/TD.” Why? Other items Pasteur or transfer pipet – cheap, thin disposable, “eye dropper” Screw-cap centrifuge tubes (15 mL, 50 mL) – good for sample storage, whether you will centrifuge or not. Snap-top microcentrifuge tubes (1.5 mL), commonly called “Eppendorf tubes” – commonly used for storage of small samples. BIO 222 Volumetric and Mass Measurements Prefixes that you will encounter: “Small” Deci 10-1 d (dl) Centi 10-2 c (cm) Milli 10-3 m (msec) Micro 10-6 m (mg) Nano 10-9 n (nm) Pico 10-12 p (pM) Femto 10-15 f (fmol) “Large” Kilo 103 k (km) Mega 106 M (Mb) Giga 109 G (GHz) Mass Measurements Mass – a measure of the amount of matter an object has; constant regardless of position Weight – a measure of how strongly an object is pulled by the earth’s gravity; varies with the distance from the earth’s center As long as you are working at or near the earth’s surface, weight is an accurate indicator of mass. Basic unit = Gram (g). Laboratory Balances: Measuring Mass Scientists usually refer to a “balance” not “scale” Most are now electronic, with digital readout and few moving parts. Older mechanical balances with knobs are still in use. If you need to use one, seek instruction (wrong use can damage them). Maximum capacity of balance is usually shown on the instrument. DO NOT EXCEED. Be sure that surface is level (check bubble). Common laboratory balances Top-loading balance: Weighs to 0.01g. Wind screen not needed. Analytical balance: Weighs to 0.0001 g (i.e. 1/10 of a milligram). Has a wind screen to protect the balance pan from breezes. Microbalance: Weighs to 0.000001 g (1μg) or less. For specialized uses only. Intermediate sizes exist as well. Balances Top-loading Analytical Bubble level on top-loading balanc