WEEK 10 RADIATION BIOLOGY El Camino College10周的放射生物学 El Camino College.pptVIP

Acute Radiation Syndrome Full body exposure given within minutes * * Total Body Response to Radiaiton Acute Radiation Syndrome – full body exposure given in a few minutes. 3 stages of response: 1. Prodromal Stage: NVD stage (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) 2. Latent Period: Feels well while undergoing biological changes 3. Manifest Stage: Full effects felt, leads to recovery or death * 3 Radiation Syndromes Bone marrow syndrome: results in infection, hemorrhage anemia (200-1000 rad) 6-8 weeks Gastrointestinal syndrome: results in diarrhea, nausea vomiting, fever ( 1000-5000 rad) 3-10 days Central nervous syndrome: results in convulsions, coma, eventual death from increased intracranial pressure. (5000 rad or greater) Few hours – 3 days Late Effects of Radiation Somatic Effects: develop in the individual who is exposed Most common: Cataract formation Carcinogenesis Genetic Effects: develop in future generations as a result of damage to germ cells. * Instances of Acute Radiation Exposure 1) Nagasaki and Hiroshima 2) Chernobyl * Hiroshima Nagasaki * * Cherynobyl - immediately Shortly after the blast 20 R in less than 1 minute clean up crew fireman 600,000 “liquidators” exposed A pilot saw a village where the dosimeter, the reading had gone off the scale 500 roentgen per hour: Above 500, the equipment - and human beings - arent supposed to work. he had flown in 1,500 roentgen an hour of expoure  * Exposure in soil water 11,000 mrem- current background in red zones 12 mrem is your average background radiation. This is a thousand times greater than the normal background level of radiation Approximately 15-20% of babies are born healthy. * Cherynobyl Fall out * US Nuclear Tests  1945 – 1992 * Nevada Testing Sites * * X-ray interactions with matter (human tissue) can cause biological changes. * Don’t worry about studying the rest of the parts of the cell. * Shortly after the blast 20 R in less than 1 minute - clean