Why Go to College University of Washington为什么要上大学华盛顿大学.pptVIP

Why Go to College? Continued… SocLexicon Ideal Type Group Solidarity Labor Market Selectivity Tracking School Culture Contest Mobility/Sponsored Mobility Equality of Opportunity/Equality of Outcome Today Tracking 3 Studies Read Hallinan and Oakes before section tomorrow First Memo due on Monday (in class) “Tracking” Tracking refers to grouping students by ability for instructional purposes: Eg., Advanced, Honors, Regular, Basic AP Courses IB Curriculum Some form of tracking is found in 80% of American schools The impact of tracking: Research shows that most students would learn more if there were no tracking Tracking increases cognitive inequality Tracking amplifies early gains and losses Tracking is an academic disaster for all students except those at the very top The effects of tracking are particularly profound on young children Tracking affects school culture because it tends to separate academically successful kids from less successful kids throughout the day “School-within-a-school” Tracking is the mechanism by which some students are oriented toward school, while others’ interest drifts away The effect of tracking on Friendship patterns Tracking influences friendship choices But do friendship choices affect course-taking? i.e., are these processes mutually reinforcing?) The Role of Gender and Friendship inAdvanced Course Taking Riegle-Crumb, Farkas, and Muller (2006) Does same-sex friends’ academic performance predict advanced course taking in the 11th and 12th grades for female and male students? Is the effect of the academic performance of same-sex friends more important in predicting girls’ advanced course taking in the traditionally male-dominated areas of math and science than it is in the more traditionally female dominated field of English? Is there an interaction between same-sex friends’ performance and the gender composition of the friendship group that is particular to promoting girls’ advanced course taking in science and math, such