公司接入.ppt

拨号调制解调器与住宅ISP相连，提供56kbit/s的速率；数字用户线DSL digital subscriber line 接入，提供理论上高速下载信道10Mbit/s,中速上传信道1Mbit/s和双向电话频道；混合光纤同轴电缆HFC hybrid fiber coaxial cable采用同轴电缆和光纤混合接入方式。 移动接入：将移动端系统与网络相连。在无线局域网wireless LAN中，移动用户与位于几十米半径内的基站之间传输/接收分组。这些基站与有线的因特网相连。 * Practice and Application * 将商业或教育机构中的端系统与网络相连。 局域网通常用于连接端用户和边缘路由器。以太网的速率是10Mbit/s或100Mbit/s。 公司接入: 许多家庭将宽带住宅接入与无线局域网技术结合起来，产生强大的家用网络。 * Practice and Application * * * * Part One Overview Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture Data and Computer Communications Main Contents 2.1 Protocols and Protocol Architecture 2.3 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 2.4 TCP/IP Protocol Architecture Key Points protocol Layers of OSI , four primitives Layers of TCP/IP Protocols in the TCP/IP suite * * 2.1 Need For Protocol Architecture ★ 1. What is protocol? 人类协议与计算机网络协议的对比 Protocol: 协议 P21 The rule of communication. A set of rules governing the exchange of data. 协议，草案，议定书 A standard procedure for regulating data transmission between computers. * ★ 2. Why use protocol architecture, or what is protocol architecture? The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture Protocol architecture: 协议体系结构 P22 A structured set of modules that implements the communications function. To simplify the function of each layer; The task of each layer is realized by some software or hardware; Layers cooperate with each other to realize communication. * P21 Syntax 语法 format Data formats Signal levels Semantics 语义meaning Control information Error handling Timing 时序time and procedure Speed matching Sequencing ★ 3. Key Elements of a Protocol * 著名的协议举例 占据东、西两个山顶的蓝军1和蓝军2与驻扎在山谷的白军作战。其力量对比是：单独的蓝军1或蓝军2打不过白军，但蓝军1和蓝军2协同作战则可战胜白军。现蓝军1拟于次日正午向白军发起攻击。于是用计算机发送电文给蓝军2。但通信线路很不好，电文出错或丢失的可能性较大（没有电话可使用）。因此要求收到电文的友军必须送回一个确认电文。但此确认电文也可能出错或丢失。试问能否设计出一种协议使得蓝军1和蓝军2能够实现协同作战因而一定（即100 %而不是